Plastic River: Following the Waste That’s Choking the Chao Phraya
The Chao Phraya River is born from mountain streams in northern Thailand, flowing hundreds of kilometers south to the sea. By the time the river travels through Bangkok and empties into the Gulf of Thailand, it is carrying huge quantities of plastic waste – an estimated 4,000 metric tons every year, equal to the weight of 26 blue whales. The plastic clogs the river along its course, drastically impacting communities and the waterway’s ecology.
The Third Pole traveled from the Chao Phraya’s beginnings to the sea to explore what’s happening to one of Southeast Asia’s most important rivers.
The Chao Phraya starts at the confluence of the Ping and Nan rivers, which meet in Nakhon Sawan Province in the heart of Thailand. Although the river’s waters have already traveled half of the country’s length by this point, it is still relatively clean, flanked by villages and farms.
The surrounding land is ideal for growing rice thanks to the river’s annual floods, which come with the monsoon from May to October and provide an ample supply of water and nutrients. In 2012, around 45 percent of land in the Chao Phraya River Basin was used for rice farming. Fruit orchards are also common.
But even here in these rural upper reaches, plastics already make an appearance – the material is used extensively in agriculture across Thailand.
The floods that bring water and nutrients to crops along the Chao Phraya also draw agricultural and consumer plastics into the river.
South of Nakhon Sawan, the Chao Phraya flows through the ancient city of Ayutthaya, which was the capital of Thailand until 1767. Built at the point where two other rivers join the Chao Phraya, the city is crisscrossed with canals, and traditional ways of life here are closely connected to the water. Seasonal flooding is expected, with homes along the waterways built on stilts to accommodate the higher water levels. But climate change and a range of other factors is intensifying rainfall, and severe flooding is a growing problem in the city.
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the ancient capital attracts tourists from around the globe, many of whom take boat tours to view its famous temples. Ratimaporn relies on these tourists to make a living.
As the Chao Phraya snakes through densely populated central Thailand and on to the country’s modern-day capital, Bangkok, the river is often treated as a catchall waste disposal unit.
Much like Ayutthaya, Bangkok grew from a settlement built on canals that borrowed the waters of the Chao Phraya to form convenient transport routes. These canals remain a significant feature in today’s megacity, where 1,161 khlongs (the Thai name for these waterways) are lined with settlements, home to over 23,500, mainly low-income, households. Many of these canals are choked with plastic.
Many of the communities along Bangkok’s canals are hard to reach by road, making it difficult to access waste and other municipal services. Throwing waste directly into the water is an old habit that persists even though it is illegal and people could be fined.
Dumping in the river has long been the easy way to deal with household waste. But in the old days, this waste was organic. Today, everyday items come wrapped up in plastic – not just in Bangkok, but all over Thailand.
The TerraCycle Global Foundation, a project of the recycling company TerraCycle that aims to capture plastic waste along rivers and canals before it flows into the ocean. The foundation’s Lat Phrao clean-up project started in July 2020.
Mangroves grow along the last stretch of the Chao Phraya, perfectly adapted to the brackish water where the river meets the sea. At the mouth of the Chao Phraya, the muddy mangrove forests of Samut Prakan Province are covered in plastic, a testament to how much waste the river is carrying.By the time the Chao Phraya reaches the sea, a lot of the plastic waste it is carrying is too small to see, having been broken down into microplastics (defined as pieces smaller than five millimeters).
In 2021, the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources announced a collaboration with the nonprofit The Ocean Cleanup to tackle riverine plastic pollution in the Chao Phraya. The project is deploying a vessel known as the Interceptor to collect plastic debris, as well as monitoring the flow of plastic waste through bottle-tagging and placing cameras on bridges along the river.
https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2022/06/plastic-river-waste-thats-choking-chao-phraya/